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 A GLOSSARY OF FILM TERMS

• Analog: A film or sound recording process in which the electromagnetic output varies as a continuous function of the input, creating degradation as the signal is reproduced. In other words, each time you copy something analog, its quality goes down.
• Aperture: The opening in the camera lens that determines how much light will pass through.
• Art director: The person responsible for the design and overall physical appearance of the world in which the actors appear. For larger, more ambitious productions, this figure is now frequently called the production designer.
• Axis of action: An imaginary line that extends the path in which a character or object is moving. If one camera is on one side of the line and another is on the other side, cutting from one camera to another will make the person or object appear to change direction.
• Bird’s eye view: A high angle shot from a camera located directly overhead at a distance – sometimes taken from a crane or helicopter. A shot from this angle allows the audience a wider view, providing more information than the characters involved in the scene possess.
• Bridging shot: (1) A shot that connects two scenes in a film separated by time or place; (2) A shot from a different angle or distance that connects two similar shots in the same scene.
• Cinéma vérité: Documentary shooting method in which the camera rules. The term applies to a genre of documentary films that strive for immediacy, spontaneity, and authenticity through the use of portable and unobtrusive equipment and the avoidance of any preconceived narrative line or concepts concerning the material. See direct cinema.
• Close-up: A shot in which the camera seems to be very close to the subject. The head of a person, a small object, or part of an object fills the screen. The close-up is effective for conveying to the audience a character’s emotions, reactions, and state of mind.
• Continuity: Maintaining a consistent and unobtrusive progression from shot to shot in terms of screen direction, lighting, props, and other production details. For example, you want to make sure you don’t have a pot next to the sink in one shot, gone in the next one, and then back again in a third.
• Continuity person: See script supervisor.
• Cue: To prepare an audio or video source for a precise start at some predetermined point.
• Cue sheet: A log with the soundtracks in columns that indicate to the sound engineer, during dubbing, where certain sounds come in and how they are to be treated when he or she is combining them into a single track.
• Cut: An instant change from one video source to another.
• Cutaway: Shot that momentarily takes the viewer away from the main action.
• Didactic: Intended to teach – in particular having moral instruction as an ulterior motive. It’s generally not a compliment to call a film didactic.
• Digital: A film or sound recording process that uses discrete on and off steps so that individual elements of picture or sound can be controlled and material can be reproduced without degrading the signal.